▪ Adoption of improved biomass stoves was dominated by women, adoption of
motor pumps and domestic solar technologies was dominated by men
▪ Modern energy technologies outside the domestic cooking domain. Less likely to
directly benefit women
▪ Enhancing gender equality and women’s empowerment in rural energy use
requires targeted approaches
▪ Design, promotion and dissemination processes lack inclusiveness. Needs a
variety of approaches; promoters-financial institutions-farmers.