Datasets

Simulated Future Climates for Ethiopia Using MIT-IGSM HFDs Based on CMIP5

The dataset consists of high-resolution climate projections spanning 50 years, capturing spatial and temporal variations in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events. These climate inputs were combined with agricultural models to simulate the frequency, intensity, and impact of weather events on the yields of key crops, such as maize, in Ethiopia. It integrates hybrid frequency distributions (HFDs) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Integrated Global Systems Model (MIT-IGSM) with detrended gridded historical climates from Princeton Global Forcings. Using a Gaussian quadrature routine, 455 representative climate scenarios were selected for Ethiopia under each emissions scenario (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). This comprehensive dataset provides critical insights into the risks posed by climate change to food security and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers aiming to develop adaptive strategies for sustainable agriculture.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot, Follow-up 2

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); an endline survey conducted on the same individuals right after the interventions (September 2022-October 2022); and a one-year post-intervention survey conducted approximately one year after the endline (September 2023 -December 2023). This dataset is with respect to the endline survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises of household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, intimate partner violence, time use, and childcare.

SPIR II Group Problem Management Plus (gPM+) Baseline Survey in Tigray, Ethiopia

This study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management Plus (gPM+), in improving mental health, child development, and related outcomes among rural Ethiopian households. gPM+ was delivered in separate arms by government-employed Health Extension Workers (HEWs) or stipended Local Facilitators (LFs) engaged by an NGO. Participants were drawn from the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) in Tigray, targeting individuals aged 18–64 years who showed signs of moderate to moderately severe depression. Villages across four districts were randomized into three arms: control, gPM+ delivered by HEWs, and gPM+ delivered by LFs. The study will be evaluated through a baseline, one-month and 12 month follow-up surveys. The data included here is from the screening and baseline surveys. The screening survey was conducted on 16,872 households to identify eligible individuals for the study, immediately followed by a baseline survey on the 3,744 households with an eligible respondent. The baseline survey collects information on household and individual characteristics including mental health, economic activities, and social behaviors. The data is organized by survey modules, screening modules include modules SA and SB, baseline modules include modules A-K. Module Z is last module on interview status filled out for all households that were screened.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot, Follow-up 1

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); and two follow up surveys (the first conducted September 2022-October 2022, and the second October 2023-January 2024). This dataset is with respect to the first follow up survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises of household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, time use, and childcare.

Food Security Simulator – Ethiopia

The Food Security Simulator Ethiopia (FSSE) is an innovative and easy-to-use, MS-Excel-based tool for assessing the potential short-term impacts of food price or household income shocks, along with changes in preferences, on food security and people’s diets. The Simulator is an ideal tool for first-cut forward-looking evaluations of direct, household-level outcomes of economic crises and policy responses in a timely manner. The tool allows users to enter positive and negative price or income changes in percentage terms and provides simulated changes for a diverse set of food-consumption- and diet-quality-related indicators. In addition to detailed tabular presentations of all simulation results by household income quintile and residential area, key indicator results are summarized in concise overview tables and visualized in graphs for easy export and use in reports. The underlying data include estimates from representative household survey data and rigorous, sophisticated food demand models to capture consumer behavior.

2022 Social Accounting Matrix for Ethiopia

The 2022 Ethiopia Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) follows IFPRI's Standard Nexus SAM approach, by focusing on consistency, comparability, and transparency of data. The Nexus SAMs available on IFPRI's website separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital, with labor further disaggregated across three education-based categories. The household account is divided into 10 representative household groups: Rural and urban households across per capita consumption quintiles. Nexus SAMs support the improvement of model-based research and policy analysis in developing countries and allow for more robust cross-country comparisons of national economic structures, especially agriculture-food systems.

Ethiopia Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Endline Survey, 2017

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed to increase food production, improve nutrition, accelerate economic development and contribute to the protection of the environment. The project seeks these objectives through identifying, testing and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module and a community questionnaire.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Screening Survey

The study's objective is to estimate the impact of group Problem Management Plus (GPM+), with and without a lump-sum cash transfer, on mental health, daily activities, and economic outcomes among Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) clients in the regions of Amhara and Oromia. The population for this study consists of individuals residing in Amhara and Oromia who are registered and assisted by the PSNP public works program. Moreover, to be eligible, individuals must show signs and symptoms of depression or dysfunction, be between 18 and 59 years old, and be the main decision-maker or spouse of the main decision-maker. The impact of GPM+ will be assessed through a two-stage cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design.

The data included here comprise the results of a mental health screening, from which we identified respondents who were eligible for our study, and a baseline survey that includes measured characteristics of eligible respondents. These characteristics include household-level indicators such as food security and household consumption, and respondent-level indicators such as mental health outcomes. Per household, up to two people aged 18-59 years are screened (the primary decision-maker and spouse). The screening survey assesses depression and functionality using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2·0 (WHODAS). Data are organized by modules. In the screening data, Module A is at the household level, and Module B is at the respondent level.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Baseline Survey

IFPRI, in collaboration with World Vision (WV) and implementation partners, evaluated the impact of a psychotherapy intervention, group Problem Management Plus (gPM+), with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer. The study is an interventional study using a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design that occurred in 70 kebeles across the regions of Oromia and Amhara. The evaluation includes a screening survey to assess eligible men and women; a baseline survey conducted before implementing the gPM+ or cash transfer intervention (June-July 2022); an endline survey conducted on the same individuals right after the interventions (September 2022-October 2022); and a one-year post-intervention survey conducted approximately one year after the endline (September-October 2023). This dataset pertains to the baseline survey and contains baseline demographic information on the sample in the gPM+ study. The first part comprises household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, consumption, food security, investments, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part is composed of individual-level modules administered to the individuals screened for the study. These modules include instruments for measuring stress, anxiety, coping, self-efficacy, time and risk preference, savings, intimate partner violence, time use, and childcare.

Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR), Ethiopia: Baseline Survey

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia was a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender, and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. IFPRI conducted an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral “graduation model” packages of interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women’s empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation used a clustered RCT design to learn about the effect of different combinations of the SPIR interventions on the well-being of PSNP4 households. These packages were combined into multisectoral graduation model programs and randomized at the kebele level into four treatment arms. The evaluation sample comprised of 192 kebeles and 15 woredas in the Amhara and Oromia regions. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2018, and 3,314 households were interviewed. The survey instrument had three parts – household survey, female survey, and male survey, and was broadly similar across rounds, while some modules changed.

Strengthen PSNP Institutions and Resilience Phase II (SPIR II), Ethiopia: Group Problem Management Plus (g-PM+) Pilot Screening Survey

The study's objective is to estimate the impact of group Problem Management Plus (GPM+), with and without a lump-sum cash transfer, on mental health, daily activities, and economic outcomes among Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) clients in the regions of Amhara and Oromia. The population for this study consists of individuals residing in Amhara and Oromia who are registered and assisted by the PSNP public works program. Moreover, to be eligible, individuals must show signs and symptoms of depression or dysfunction, be between 18 and 59 years old, and be the main decision-maker or spouse of the main decision-maker. The impact of GPM+ will be assessed through a two-stage cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) design. The data included here comprise the results of a mental health screening, from which we identified respondents who were eligible for our study, and a baseline survey that includes measured characteristics of eligible respondents. These characteristics include household-level indicators such as food security and household consumption, and respondent-level indicators such as mental health outcomes. Per household, up to two people aged 18-59 years are screened (the primary decision-maker and spouse). The screening survey assesses depression and functionality using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2·0 (WHODAS). Data are organized by modules. In the screening data, Module A is at the household level, and Module B is at the respondent level.

Replication Data for "Measuring Consumption Over the Phone: Evidence From a Survey Experiment in Urban Ethiopia"

These files comprise dataset and do-files for reproducing results presented in the article, "Measuring Consumption Over the Phone: Evidence From a Survey Experiment in Urban Ethiopia" (Abate, de Brauw, Hirvonen, and Wolle, 2023). A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in section 4 of the article. The sampling procedure, data, and methods are described in section 2 of the article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.103026).

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Antenatal Care (ANC) Observation

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.

The ANC observations and exit interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. A direct observation checklist of ANC sessions was used to document services provided, and an in-person interview collected information on perceptions of counseling received and patient satisfaction.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Nurse-Midwife

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview. The nurse-midwife interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on work responsibilities, time commitments and workload, capacity, knowledge, motivation, supervision, and ANC service provision at the health center.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Recently Delivered Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview. The recently delivered women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, anthropometry, husband’s health and nutrition knowledge, and husband’s perceptions of maternal nutrition and roles of husbands and other family members during pregnancy.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Parent

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?

The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The parent interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household members, social involvement, exposure to nutrition information, parent and household dietary diversity, nutrition knowledge, gender and marriage beliefs and decision-making power, social desirability, home food environment, food security, effect of COVID-19 on food security and access to health services, dwelling and assets.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Extension Worker

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The HEW interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on HEW background, school and community role, nutrition-related activities, perceptions/beliefs, nutrition knowledge, effect of COVID-19 on workload or work activities, and receipt of COVID-19 training or guidelines.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Pregnant Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.

The pregnant women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, and anthropometry.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Primary School

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The primary school observation checklist collected information on school infrastructure, WASH, supplies, food environment, nutrition education materials (e.g., posters) and displays, and effect of COVID-19 on school hours and classroom sessions.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Teacher/Principal

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The teacher/principal interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on teacher/principal background, school role, nutrition-related activities/ interventions, perceptions/beliefs, nutrition knowledge, effect of COVID-19 on workload or work activities, and receipt of COVID-19 training or guidelines.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Adolescent Girl

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (nutrition messages during flag assemblies, classroom lessons on nutrition, student clubs on nutrition for girls, peer mentoring on nutrition, body mass index (BMI) measurement with counseling, and parents’ meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings to discuss adolescent nutrition). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.
The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include:
1) What is the program's impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks?
2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms?
3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The endline survey was conducted in March-April 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parent questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Primary school observation checklist, and 5) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire. The adolescent girl interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on adolescent background, school attendance, dietary diversity, meal and snacking patterns, home food environment, nutrition knowledge, WASH practices, health and health service exposure, the effect of COVID-19 on school attendance and health service use, parental interaction, and other influencers (including sharing education messages and materials), gender and marriage beliefs, decision-making power, and anthropometry.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Extension Worker

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Endline Survey 2021: Health Facility

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services delivered through government health facilities (interpersonal counseling on diet quality during pregnancy, counseling on iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, adequate weight-gain monitoring, counseling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather endline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions.

The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include:
1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices?
2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches?
3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform?
The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The endline survey was conducted in August-September 2021 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The endline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, 5) Health facility observation checklist, and 6) ANC observation checklist and exit interview.
The health facility observation checklists were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on condition of the facility infrastructure, service readiness, services provided by the facility, human resources, and ANC monitoring system.

Ethiopia Groundwater Games for Resource Governance

The study intervention included playing an irrigation groundwater governance game with multiple rounds and treatments in each village: one game with 5 men players and one game with 5 women players. Player choices and group outcomes (including water withdrawals and availability) for each round of the game were recorded and uploaded to SurveyCTO. A pre- and post-game survey of individual players immediately before and immediately after the game was conducted to gather data on characteristics of the players, their households and farms including current irrigation practices, individual mental models regarding groundwater resources and their management, and perceptions about levels of trust and cooperation between community members. The games and surveys were conducted in 15 treatment villages in the SNNP region of Ethiopia. Our sampling frame included 39 kebeles in 4 woredas, from which we drew a random proportional sample of kebeles from each woreda, resulting in 34 kebeles. We then randomly sorted the 34 kebeles into 17 treatment and 17 control kebeles. The last two kebeles in each group were reserved as replacements, and our main pilot sample consisted of 15 treatment and 15 control kebeles. The quantitative data is available for treatment communities only.

Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR), Ethiopia: Midline Survey

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia was a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender, and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. IFPRI conducted an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral “graduation model” packages of interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women’s empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation used a clustered RCT design to learn about the effect of different combinations of the SPIR interventions on the well-being of PSNP4 households. These packages were combined into multisectoral graduation model programs and randomized at the kebele level into four treatment arms. The evaluation sample comprised of 192 kebeles and 15 woredas in the Amhara and Oromia regions. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2018, and 3,314 households were interviewed. The fieldwork for the midline survey took place between August and October of 2019, and a supplemental sample of 748 households was added to the original sample to have more children under the age of 2 years, putting the total sample interviewed at the midline to 3,968. The endline survey was conducted between February and April of 2021, and the final sample interviewed at the endline was 3,912 households. The survey instrument had three parts – household survey, female survey, and male survey, and was broadly similar across rounds, while some modules changed.

Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR), Ethiopia: Endline Survey

The Strengthen PSNP4 Institutions and Resilience (SPIR) Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) in Ethiopia was a five-year project (2016-2021) supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP4) as well as providing complementary livelihood, nutrition, gender, and climate resilience activities to strengthen the program and expand its impacts. IFPRI conducted an experimental, quantitative impact evaluation of SPIR designed to measure the causal impact of multisectoral “graduation model” packages of interventions for improving outcomes in several domains, including livelihoods, food security, child nutrition, women’s empowerment, mental health, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The impact evaluation used a clustered RCT design to learn about the effect of different combinations of the SPIR interventions on the well-being of PSNP4 households. These packages were combined into multisectoral graduation model programs and randomized at the kebele level into four treatment arms. The evaluation sample comprised of 192 kebeles and 15 woredas in the Amhara and Oromia regions. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2018, and 3,314 households were interviewed. The fieldwork for the midline survey took place between August and October of 2019, and a supplemental sample of 748 households was added to the original sample to have more children under the age of 2 years, putting the total sample interviewed at the midline to 3,968. The endline survey was conducted between February and April of 2021, and the final sample interviewed at the endline was 3,912 households. The survey instrument had three parts – household survey, female survey, and male survey, and was broadly similar across rounds, while some modules changed.

Ethiopia Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) Baseline Survey, 2014

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Small-Scale Irrigation (FTF-ILSSI) is a cooperative agreement funded by USAID under the Feed the Future program to undertake research aimed to increase food production, improve nutrition, accelerate economic development and contribute to the protection of the environment. The project seeks these objectives through identifying, testing and demonstrating technological options in small-scale irrigation and irrigated fodder, supported by a continual dialogue approach with stakeholders and capacity development toward sustained use of research approaches and evidence. Collaborators on this project include Texas A&M University, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), North Carolina A&T State University (NCAT) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research (TAMUS). As part of this project, IFPRI is undertaking a study of irrigating and non-irrigating households in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana to investigate the connections between irrigation, gender, nutrition and health. The survey explores these linkages through an in-depth household questionnaire with questions on agricultural production, nutrition and health, a WEAI module and a community questionnaire.

This work forms part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Health Facility

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities (counselling on diet quality during pregnancy, distribution and promotion of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, weight gain monitoring, counselling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices? 2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches? 3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, and 5) Health facility observation checklist. The health facility observation checklists were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on condition of the facility infrastructure, service readiness, services provided by the facility, human resources, and ANC monitoring system.

Ethiopia's Feed the Future (FtF) Supplemental Land Tenure Survey, 2019

This dataset is a supplemental data to Feed the Future I (FtF) Ethiopia end-line Survey 2018. The purpose of the survey was to collect data on details of land access and use, women land rights, second-level land certification process, land related legal knowledge, and land rental market participation, which were not covered in FtF end-line Survey 2018. The survey covered a total of 1,984 rural households in four regions of Ethiopia that were interviewed during FtF end-line 2018. A structured household questionnaire was used to collect household, plot, and individual level data. Questionnaire modules related with land related legal knowledge and advice, and land rental market participation were administered separately for the head and spouse. Hence, a detail gender dis-aggregated data enables a closer analysis of gendered aspects of the impact of the second-level land certification program not only at household level (inter-household dimensions), but also within a household (intra-household aspects).

Ethiopia's Land Rental Market Partners Survey, 2019

This dataset is a follow-up for households who were visited during Feed the Future I (FtF) Ethiopia end-line Survey 2018 and who participated in land rental market in Tigray and Amhara regions. Participation in the land rental market is defined as if a household rented in, sharecropped in, rented out or sharecropped out at least one parcel. The land rental market partners of 730 FtF end-line households (with 1551 parcels) were visited in land rental market partners survey in 2019. The partners survey covered 739 households and 2,745 parcels. Even if the partners survey is conducted few months later after FtF end-line survey, it follows the same time period and data collection instrument which is consistent with FtF end-line survey. A structured household questionnaire was used to collect household, plot, and individual level data. The questionnaire modules cover household characteristics, land use (crop production), input use, labor, livestock ownership, shocks, off-fam employment, access to credit, ownership of productive equipment’s and remittances. This dataset, combined with the main FtF end-line 2018 data, enables to assess land rental market interactions between landlords and tenants.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Adolescent Girl

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (flag assemblies, classroom lessons, girls’ clubs, peer mentoring, weight and height measurement, and parent-teacher meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks? 2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms? 3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parents questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, and 5) Primary school observation checklist. The adolescent girl interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on adolescent background, school attendance, meal and snacking patterns, home food environment, nutrition knowledge, WASH practices, health and health-seeking behavior, social desirability, parental interaction, and other influencers (including sharing education messages and materials), gender and marriage beliefs, decision-making power, and anthropometry.

Video-Mediated Extension in Ethiopia Household Survey, 2018

These data are generated for the study conducted to evaluate a public extension program that integrates informational video screening with extension service provision to improve farmers’ knowledge and adoption of improved agricultural technologies and practices. Specifically, the study focuses on a program piloted by the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), regional bureaus of agriculture, and Digital Green, a social enterprise, in the country’s four most agriculturally important regional states. Data for this study are drawn from a series of surveys conducted among farmers participating in the study. A survey of more than 2,400 randomly selected households assigned to one of the three treatment arms after the year 1 (2017) rollout in early 2018, following the meher season harvest. A subsequent round of household surveys was conducted in early 2019, following the year 2 (2018) rollout of the implementation. This dataset includes data from the survey conducted in 2018. Data were collected using two separate questionnaires from both household heads and spouses. The household head questionnaire covered topics including household characteristics, assets, access to services, technology adoption, knowledge of agricultural practices, experience with video, crop sales, non-farm income, savings, food security, shocks, and plot-level information on land use, production, and inputs. The spouse questionnaire included sections on assets, technology adoption, knowledge of agricultural practices, and experience with video.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Pregnant Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities (counselling on diet quality during pregnancy, distribution and promotion of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, weight gain monitoring, counselling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices? 2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches? 3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, and 5) Health facility observation checklist. The pregnant women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, and anthropometry.

Video-Mediated Extension in Ethiopia Household Survey, 2019

These data are generated for the study conducted to evaluate a public extension program that integrates informational video screening with extension service provision to improve farmers’ knowledge and adoption of improved agricultural technologies and practices. Specifically, the study focuses on a program piloted by the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), regional bureaus of agriculture, and Digital Green, a social enterprise, in the country’s four most agriculturally important regional states. Data for this study are drawn from a series of surveys conducted among farmers participating in the study. A survey of more than 2,400 randomly selected households assigned to one of the three treatment arms after the year 1 (2017) rollout in early 2018, following the meher season harvest. A subsequent round of household surveys was conducted in early 2019, following the year 2 (2018) rollout of the implementation. This dataset includes data from follow-up survey conducted in 2019. Data were collected using two separate questionnaires from both household heads and spouses. The household head questionnaire covered topics including household characteristics, assets, access to services, technology adoption, knowledge of agricultural practices, experience with video, crop sales, non-farm income, savings, food security, shocks, and plot-level information on land use, production, and inputs. The spouse questionnaire included sections on assets, technology adoption, knowledge of agricultural practices, and experience with video.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Parent

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (flag assemblies, classroom lessons, girls’ clubs, peer mentoring, weight and height measurement, and parent-teacher meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks? 2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms? 3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parents questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, and 5) Primary school observation checklist. The parent interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household members, social involvement, exposure to nutrition information, dietary diversity, nutrition knowledge, gender and marriage beliefs and decision-making power, social desirability, home food environment, food security, dwelling and assets.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Nurse - Midwife

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities (counselling on diet quality during pregnancy, distribution and promotion of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, weight gain monitoring, counselling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices? 2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches? 3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, and 5) Health facility observation checklist. The nurse-midwife interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on work responsibilities, time commitments and workload, capacity, knowledge, motivation, supervision, and ANC service provision at the health center.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Teacher/Principal

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (flag assemblies, classroom lessons, girls’ clubs, peer mentoring, weight and height measurement, and parent-teacher meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks? 2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms? 3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parents questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, and 5) Primary school observation checklist. The teacher/principal interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on teacher/principal background, school role, nutrition-related activities/ interventions, perceptions/beliefs, and nutrition knowledge.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Primary School

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (flag assemblies, classroom lessons, girls’ clubs, peer mentoring, weight and height measurement, and parent-teacher meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks? 2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms? 3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parents questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, and 5) Primary school observation checklist. The primary school observation checklist collected information on school infrastructure, WASH, supplies, food environment, and nutrition education materials (e.g., posters) and displays.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Recently Delivered Women

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities (counselling on diet quality during pregnancy, distribution and promotion of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, weight gain monitoring, counselling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices? 2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches? 3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, and 5) Health facility observation checklist. The recently delivered women interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on household composition, household socioeconomic status, obstetric history, use of ANC, exposure to ANC, maternal nutrition and breastfeeding knowledge and practices, pregnancy and postnatal care, household food security, social desirability, decision-making power, mental health, and anthropometry.

A&T Ethiopia Maternal Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Health Extension Worker

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T integrated a package of maternal nutrition interventions into existing antenatal care (ANC) services delivered through government health facilities (counselling on diet quality during pregnancy, distribution and promotion of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, weight gain monitoring, counselling on early breastfeeding practices, and systems strengthening through training and supportive supervision) and community platforms (home visits, Pregnant Women Conferences/Mother Support groups, and community gatherings) that align with the latest global evidence. This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of integrating locally relevant maternal nutrition interventions into existing ANC services and determine the impact on diet quality and utilization of nutrition interventions during pregnancy. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on maternal practices: (1) consumption of diversified foods during pregnancy; (2) consumption of IFA supplements during pregnancy; and (3) early breastfeeding practices? 2) Can the coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions during ANC be improved through system strengthening approaches? 3) What factors influenced the integration and strengthening of maternal nutrition interventions into the government ANC service delivery platform? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. The unit of randomization is the health center and associated health posts in the catchment area. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Pregnant women questionnaire, 2) Recently delivered women questionnaire, 3) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, 4), Nurse-midwife questionnaire, and 5) Health facility observation checklist. The HEW interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on work responsibilities, time commitments and workload, capacity, knowledge, motivation, supervision, and ANC service provision at the health post.

A&T Ethiopia Adolescent Nutrition Baseline Survey 2019: Health Extension Worker

Alive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. In Ethiopia, A&T implemented a package of adolescent nutrition interventions through school-based (flag assemblies, classroom lessons, girls’ clubs, peer mentoring, weight and height measurement, and parent-teacher meetings) and community platforms (health post and home visits and community gatherings). This dataset is part of a survey that was conducted to gather baseline data for the impact evaluation of the interventions. The overall study objective was to determine the feasibility of delivering nutrition interventions primarily through school-based platforms and their impact on diet quality among adolescent girls. Research questions include: 1) What is the program impact on the diet of adolescent girls: (1) dietary diversity, (2) meal frequency, and (3) less consumption of unhealthy snacks? 2) What is the exposure to adolescent nutrition interventions delivered through school-based platforms? 3) What factors influenced the integration of adolescent nutrition interventions into school-based platforms and their outcomes? The evaluation used a two-arm cluster-randomized, non-masked trial design, consisting of two cross-sectional surveys of in-school adolescent girls aged 10-14 years enrolled in grades 4-8. The unit of randomization is the primary school which includes grades 1-8. The baseline survey was conducted in October-November 2019 by Addis Continental Institute of Public Health (ACIPH), the in-country research collaborator for the survey. The baseline survey included the following: 1) Adolescent girl questionnaire, 2) Parents questionnaire, 3) Teacher/Principal questionnaire, 4) Health Extension Worker (HEW) questionnaire, and 5) Primary school observation checklist. The HEW interviews were conducted using pretested, structured questionnaires. Information was collected on HEW background, school and community role, nutrition-related activities, perceptions/beliefs, and nutrition knowledge.

Diversification Patterns of Mixed Crop-Livestock Production in Smallholder Farming Systems and Its Implication for Household Food Security: The Case in Gudo Beret Watershed, North Shewa, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development strategies. However, increasing demands for food, animal feed, fuel, and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the land. In this paper, we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and livestock production, quantify rates of land-use/cover (LULC) changes, and examine driving forces and consequences of land conversion. The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed, North Shewa Zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia. It used a combination of methods including remote sensing, household interviews, field observations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Supervised and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years (1984–2016). The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51% of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land conversions. The household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha−1 respectively. The observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6% and 2.9%. This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land systems. Cropland increased (0.4% year−1) while grazing land reduced (3.5% year−1) under contrasting dynamics and competitive changes. An increase in human and livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural ecosystem. The consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed, low crop-livestock productivity, and a reduction in natural vegetation coverage. We suggest that sustainable land resource management, more integrated crop-livestock production, and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources.

2018 Social Accounting Matrix for Ethiopia

The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2018 Ethiopia SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Ethiopia SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

Landscape Targeted Crop-Fertilizer Response in the Highlands of Ethiopia Version 1.0

The dataset is meant for developing fertilizer management decision support tool for an effective crop-nutrient management. The dataset is developed on the basis of landscape targeting on-farm trials on crop-nutrient response and crop yield gap assessment across the Africa Rising target districts and other scaling up locations in the Ethiopian highlands.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Endline Survey 2014: Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers (HEW) survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The impact evaluation of the A&T Ethiopia community-based intervention and mass media activities includes the 2010 baseline and 2014 endline surveys and a smaller-scale 2013 process evaluation survey. Together, these studies generate answers to one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative: how A&T interventions achieve their impact. The Ethiopia endline survey applied five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These instruments included a household questionnaire, a community questionnaire and 3 frontline health workers questionnaires, which are: - health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire - supervisors of HEWs questionnaire - volunteer community health promoters questionnaire The health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire, along with the other two FLW questionnaires, aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge and training received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs. These are captured by questions on perceptions related to workload and level of job satisfaction.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Endline Survey 2014: Community

This dataset is the result of the community survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The impact evaluation of A&T’s community-based intervention and mass media activities applied an “adequacy design,” which involves pre- and post-intervention assessments without a non-intervention comparison group. A total of 75 enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly selected from woredas (districts) that were part of the IFHP platform for A&T in Tigray and SNNPR. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted at baseline (2010) and endline (2014) in the 75 EAs. A short questionnaire was administered to community leaders to gather information on the contextual factors at the community level as well as to understand differences in characteristics across the clusters (EA) over time. One questionnaire was completed for each cluster (EA). This information at the community level is critical to control for externalities that could influence the outcome of the program. The Ethiopia endline community questionnaire provided information on the following: 1) General characteristics of the EA/kebele (population, livelihood, season of food shortage), 2) Infrastructure (access to main road, electricity, access to clean water, 3) Distance from the nearest major town, type of transportation use to reach the town, 4) Access to the nearest market, 5) Migration patterns, 6) Social and food assistance (productive safety net program, community-based nutrition program), 7) Natural disasters occurred in the area during the last year, 8) Availability and access to health and education facilities (health post, government hospital, private clinic, junior and high school, college).

Variations in Food Feed Traits of Bread Wheat Varieties for Ethiopia

Wheat is the most widely grown cereal in Ethiopia next to tef and maize. The residue from wheat is mainly used as livestock feed. In addition to the grain yield, the quantity and quality of wheat straw produced is very important for smallholders and affect variety selection and adoption by farmers. Variations in food-feed traits of different bread wheat cultivars released for the highlands of Ethiopia were evaluated across different districts. This dataset provides grain yield, straw yield, and fodder traits of the straw for different wheat varieties in different districts over two growing seasons.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Endline Survey 2014: Volunteer Community Health Promoters

This dataset is the result of the volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The impact evaluation of the A&T Ethiopia community-based intervention and mass media activities includes the 2010 baseline and 2014 endline surveys and a smaller-scale 2013 process evaluation survey. Together, these studies generate answers to one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative: how A&T interventions achieve their impact. The Ethiopia endline survey applied five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These instruments included a household questionnaire, a community questionnaire and 3 frontline health workers questionnaires, which are: - health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire - supervisors of HEWs questionnaire - volunteer community health promoters questionnaire. Volunteers include all kind of volunteers working on promoting health and nutrition such as volunteer community health promoter (VCHP), health development agent (HAD), development agent (DA), health animator etc. The volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) questionnaire, along with the other two FLW questionnaires, aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge and training received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs. These are captured by questions on perceptions related to workload and level of job satisfaction. This is particularly important to capture among volunteers who receive no salary.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Endline Survey 2017: Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers (HEW) survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The health extension worker (HEW) questionnaire along with the other two frontline health worker questionnaires (HDATL and ADA) was used to interview those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge, workload and training and supervision received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Process Evaluation Survey 2013: Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers survey that was conducted to gather data for the process evaluation part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The process evaluation (PE) is intended to answer one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative, i.e., how A&T interventions achieve their impact. In Ethiopia, the studies that have been conducted as part of the process evaluation include: 1) a case study in 2011 to explore the extent of the training rollout among frontline health workers (FHWs) and to assess FHW and household exposure to interpersonal communication (IPC) tools developed by A&T, 2) a qualitative study in 2012 that included in-depth interviews with health extension workers (HEWs), HEW supervisors, and volunteers and shorter interviews with mothers and fathers to understand modalities of service delivery under IFHP and other A&T platforms, and 3) a quantitative survey in 2013 among FHWs and households to assess different aspects of service delivery and exposure to A&T community based program interventions. Three types of FHW questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. The health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire, along with the other two FHW questionnaires, were aimed at assessing four major issues: 1) FHW’s exposure to training and IPC tools provided by the A&T program, 2) FHW’s exposure to the A&T multi-media components (radio and television messages), 3) FHW’s knowledge and understanding of IYCF and nutrition, 4) the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery (motivation, supportive supervision, time commitments to different tasks, and the ability to integrate sustained IYCF counseling into daily routines).

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010: Supervisors of Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the supervisors of health extension workers survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. Three types of health staff questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. These questionnaires were aimed at assessing three major issues: 1) frequency of interactions between health staff and caregivers, and avenues for these interactions; 2) content of the discussion between caregivers and health staff, and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; and 3) knowledge and training received by the health staff on IYCF. The roles of the supervisors are somewhat different from the other two types of health staff. They do not come in direct contact with caregivers, yet they are mainly responsible for providing training to the HEWs and monitoring and supervising the training of volunteers, conducted by the HEWs. The questionnaire for supervisors, therefore, aims at capturing these interactions. Together, combining information from the HEW/VCHP questionnaires with those administered to the supervisors of individual staff in the survey will generate valuable data on the organization context for the FHWs prior to the introduction of A&T interventions in the health system.

Teff Value Chain in Ethiopia: Producer/Household Survey

The producer/household survey was conducted to study teff value chains in order to make recommendations to policymakers on how to improve the value chain for farmers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers in Ethiopia. The data collected in this survey helps to understand how the teff value chains are transforming in terms of quality and demand of teff, adoption of modern inputs in teff farming, farmers' access to inputs and services, their income and wealth among many other things.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Baseline Survey 2015: Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers (HEW) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The baseline survey applied four structured questionnaires: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), and (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDTL). The health extension worker (HEW) questionnaire (along with the HDTL questionnaire) was applied to those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aim at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge and training received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs. These are captured by questions on perceptions related to workload and level of job satisfaction.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Process Evaluation Survey 2013: Households

This dataset is the result of the household survey that was conducted to gather data for the process evaluation part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The process evaluation (PE) is intended to answer one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative, i.e., how A&T interventions achieve their impact. In Ethiopia, the studies that have been conducted as part of the process evaluation include: 1) a case study in 2011 to explore the extent of the training rollout among frontline health workers (FHWs) and to assess FHW and household exposure to interpersonal communication (IPC) tools developed by A&T, 2) a qualitative study in 2012 that included in-depth interviews with health extension workers (HEWs), HEW supervisors, and volunteers and shorter interviews with mothers and fathers to understand modalities of service delivery under IFHP and other A&T platforms, and 3) a quantitative survey in 2013 among FHWs and households to assess different aspects of service delivery and exposure to A&T community based program interventions. The Ethiopia process evaluation surveys of frontline health workers and households had two broad objectives. The first objective was to assess and understand the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery, in order to better answer how A&T interventions achieve impact. The second objective was to assess households’ exposure to the A&T program components/activities, as well as to compare IYCF knowledge and practices to the baseline survey in 2010 in order to get an idea of progress toward impact. The Ethiopia process evaluation survey used four separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, and 4) a volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) questionnaire. The main objectives of the Ethiopia household survey are to assess: 1) Exposure of the mothers/caregivers of children less than two years of age to key IYCF messages promoted by A&T, 2) Source of messages (FHW, mass media, community), 3) Sources of support for IYCF related issues, 4) Frequency of contacts with FHWs, 5) Knowledge and understanding of key IYCF messages promoted by A&T, and 6) Adoption of selected IYCF practices promoted by A&T and factors that facilitate the message.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010: Community

This dataset is the result of the community survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. The community questionnaire provided information on the following: 1) general characteristics of the cluster: population, number of households’ languages, livelihood, season of food shortage, topography; 2) infrastructure: access to main road (both during dry and rainy season), electricity, access to clean water; 3) distance from the nearest major town, type of transportation used to reach this town; 4) access to the nearest market; 5) migration pattern; 6) social and food assistance, such as presence of productive safety net program, community-based nutrition program, etc.; 7) natural disaster occurring in the area during the three years before the survey; 8) availability and access to health services: health post, government hospital, private clinic, etc.; 9) availability of education facility: junior and high school, college. The community questionnaire was administered to a group of community members to gather information on the contextual factors related to each community as well as to understand differences in community characteristics across the clusters (enumeration areas (EA)). This information at the community level is critical to control for externalities that could influence the outcome of the program.

Coffee Value Chain Survey in Ethiopia: Producer/Household Survey

The coffee producer survey was conducted to study the coffee value chains in order to make recommendations to policymakers on how to improve the value chain to the benefit of farmers. The data collected in this survey helps to understand how the coffee value chains are transforming in terms of quality and demand of coffee, adoption of modern inputs in coffee farming, and farmers' access to input and services.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010: Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the health extension workers (HEW) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of health extension workers (HEW), 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a volunteer community health promoters (VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. Three types of health staff questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) were applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. In the Health Extension Program (HEP), the key frontline health workers (FHWs) are the health extension workers (HEWs). The health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire (along with the other two health workers questionnaires (VCHP and supervisors)) aimed at assessing three major issues: 1) frequency of interactions between health staff and caregivers, and avenues for these interactions; 2) content of the discussion between caregivers and health staff, and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; and 3) knowledge and training received by the health staff on IYCF. In addition, the frontline health worker questionnaires capture the organizational context within which FHWs deliver their interventions. These are captured by inclusion of questions on perceptions related to their workload and their level of satisfaction with their overall job. This is particularly important to capture volunteer workers who receive no salary.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010: Households

This dataset is the result of the household survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. The household questionnaire in Ethiopia consisted of 14 different modules covering a wide range of information both for assessing the outcomes of interests as well as factors that influence the uptake and adoption of A&T interventions, such as household food security, socioeconomic status, parental characteristics, maternal knowledge and skills about IYCF, exposure to A&T and other IYCF/nutrition interventions, exposure to media, household gender relationships, and child characteristics, e.g., age, gender, perceptions about size and birth. The questions are largely based on previously validated questions or modules.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Endline Survey 2014: Households

This dataset is the result of the household survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The impact evaluation of the A&T Ethiopia community-based intervention and mass media activities includes the 2010 baseline and 2014 endline surveys and a smaller-scale 2013 process evaluation survey. Together, these studies generate answers to one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative: how A&T interventions achieve their impact. The Ethiopia endline survey applied five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These instruments included a household questionnaire, a community questionnaire and 3 frontline health workers questionnaires. The Ethiopia endline household survey aimed at detecting changes in three age-specific indicators: (1) rates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among infants 0-5.9 months of age; (2) complementary feeding (CF) practices among children 6-23.9 months of age; and (3) stunting prevalence among children 24-59.9 months of age. The same two-stage cluster sampling method for selecting households applied at baseline was used for the endline survey. After random sampling and selection of households across three sampling frames: children aged 0-5.9 months (n=619), 6-23.9 months (n=875), and 24-59.9 months (n=1475) for the three age groups, an oversample of all additional households with children aged 24-35.9 months (n=727) were included in the endline survey to improve the reliability of stunting estimates.

Rural Transport Survey in Ethiopia

This dataset was generated to assess the impact of market access on different socioeconomic indicators. The study focuses on Alefa woreda in the rugged terrain of northwestern Ethiopia just west of Lake Tana and approximately 100 kilometers from the city of Gonder. This is an isolated area with little to no electricity and mobile phone access and without any development or humanitarian assistance programs provided by non-governmental organizations. The sample area was chosen because the large variation in transportation costs over relatively short distances in the woreda allows to carefully assess the impact of these varying costs by comparing it with a situation of similar physical and climatic conditions. The survey took place shortly after the main cropping season (meher) harvest over a five-week period in November and December 2011, interviewing 850 households. The data collected includes household demographics, land and agricultural production, housing quality and household assets, input access, expenditures and consumption, and anthropometrics of mother and children among others.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Endline Survey 2017: Health Development Army Team Leaders

This dataset is the result of the health development army team leaders (HDATL) survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The health development army (HDA) volunteers are cadres of women within a community that support and extend the field-related activities of HEWs. HDAs are comprised of up to 30 households (HH) in the same neighborhood that meet in smaller groups of six members, commonly referred to as 1for5 networks. HDA team leaders, which oversee the 30 HHs, are selected by the members. The health development army team leaders (HDATL) questionnaire along with the other two frontline health worker questionnaires (HEW and ADA) was used to interview those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge, workload and training and supervision received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Endline Survey 2017: Agriculture Extension Workers/Development Agents

This dataset is the result of the agriculture extension worker/development agent (ADA) survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The agriculture development agents (ADA) are specialized in crop, livestock and natural resources, deployed to establish a farmer training center in each kebele. They are trained to provide information, facilitate knowledge sharing, train and demonstrate technologies and innovations to farmers. The agriculture development agents (ADA) questionnaire along with the other two frontline health worker questionnaires (HEW and HDATL) was used to interview those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge, workload and training and supervision received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Endline Survey 2017: Community

This dataset is the result of the community survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. A&T intervention areas were expected to receive intensive IYCF SBCC activities as well as exposure to a region-wide mass media campaign, while the comparison areas received standard health and agricultural services and exposure to mass media. The focus of this impact evaluation was on the intensive IYCF SBCC activities at the community level. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The community questionnaire was administered to community/kebele leaders to gather information on the contextual factors at the community level as well as to understand differences in characteristics across the clusters over time. One questionnaire was completed for each kebele. This information at the community level is critical to control for externalities that could influence the outcome of the program. The community questionnaire provided information on the following: 1) General characteristics of the kebele (population, livelihood, season of food shortage), 2) Infrastructure (access to main road, electricity, access to clean water), 3) Distance from the nearest major town, type of transportation used to reach the town, 4) Access to the nearest market, 5) Availability and access to health and education facilities, 6) Social and food assistance (productive safety net program, community-based nutrition program), and 7) Natural disasters occurred in the area during the last year.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Process Evaluation Survey 2013: Volunteer Community Health Promoters

This dataset is the result of the volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) survey that was conducted to gather data for the process evaluation part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The process evaluation (PE) is intended to answer one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative, i.e., how A&T interventions achieve their impact. In Ethiopia, the studies that have been conducted as part of the process evaluation include: 1) a case study in 2011 to explore the extent of the training rollout among frontline health workers (FHWs) and to assess FHW and household exposure to interpersonal communication (IPC) tools developed by A&T, 2) a qualitative study in 2012 that included in-depth interviews with health extension workers (HEWs), HEW supervisors, and volunteers and shorter interviews with mothers and fathers to understand modalities of service delivery under IFHP and other A&T platforms, and 3) a quantitative survey in 2013 among FHWs and households to assess different aspects of service delivery and exposure to A&T community based program interventions. The Ethiopia process evaluation surveys of frontline health workers and households had two broad objectives. The first objective was to assess and understand the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery, in order to better answer how A&T interventions achieve impact. The second objective was to assess households’ exposure to the A&T program components/activities, as well as to compare IYCF knowledge and practices to the baseline survey in 2010 in order to get an idea of progress toward impact. Three types of FHW questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. Volunteers include all kind of volunteers working on promoting health and nutrition such as volunteer community health promoter (VCHP), health development agent (HAD), development agent (DA), health animator etc. The volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) questionnaire, along with the other two FHW questionnaires, were aimed at assessing four major issues: 1) FHW’s exposure to training and IPC tools provided by the A&T program, 2) FHW’s exposure to the A&T multi-media components (radio and television messages), 3) FHW’s knowledge and understanding of IYCF and nutrition, 4) the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery (motivation, supportive supervision, time commitments to different tasks, and the ability to integrate sustained IYCF counseling into daily routines).

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010: Volunteer Community Health Promoters

This dataset is the result of the volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions, delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of IYCF practices in two regions where the IFHP operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The Ethiopia baseline survey had two broad objectives. The first objective was to gather data on the primary impact indicators of the evaluation, prior to implementation of any A&T interventions, to establish a baseline against which changes would be measured. The second objective was to assess different factors that may influence the outcomes of interest, and thus shape the impact of the primary impact indicators. These factors were determined at five different levels: 1) child, 2) maternal/caregiver, 3) household, 4) community, 5) health care providers, 6) health system. These factors will also provide useful information to interpret the results of the impact evaluation and also signal key issues to pay attention to in the process evaluation. The Ethiopia baseline survey used five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These tools include 1) a household questionnaire, 2) a staff questionnaire of HEWs, 3) a staff questionnaire of supervisors of HEWs, 4) a VCHP), and 5) a community questionnaire. Three types of health staff questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) were applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. In the Health Extension Program (HEP), the key frontline health workers (FHWs) are the health extension workers (HEWs). In addition to HEWs, HEP has invested in developing community volunteers known as Volunteer Community Health Promoters (VCHP), who are trained by HEWs. This volunteer position, although not directly a part of the health system, is nevertheless integral to providing essential health care at the community level. The volunteer community health promoters (VCHP) questionnaire, along with the other two health workers questionnaires (HEW and supervisors), aimed at assessing three major issues: 1) frequency of interactions between health staff and caregivers, and avenues for these interactions; 2) content of the discussion between caregivers and health staff, and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; and 3) knowledge and training received by the health staff on IYCF. In addition, the frontline health worker questionnaires capture the organizational context within which FHWs deliver their interventions. These are captured by inclusion of questions on perceptions related to their workload and their level of satisfaction with their overall job. This is particularly important to capture volunteer workers who receive no salary.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Endline Survey 2017: Households

This dataset is the result of the household survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. A&T intervention areas were expected to receive intensive IYCF SBCC activities as well as exposure to a region-wide mass media campaign, while the comparison areas received standard health and agricultural services and exposure to mass media. The focus of this impact evaluation was on the intensive IYCF SBCC activities at the community level. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The endline household questionnaire was developed by adapting the baseline questionnaire to capture key program elements, particularly exposure to the A&T community-based interventions and mass media activities. The household questionnaire was administered to the mother of the index child selected for the survey. In addition to the questionnaire, anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were collected for mother and index child in each household.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Baseline Survey 2015: Households

This dataset is the result of the household survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The baseline survey applied four structured questionnaires: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), and (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDTL). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The household questionnaire captured exposure to key program elements as well as standard services. Intermediate factors of knowledge, awareness, trial, and adoption of recommended practices and underlying factors related to the child, mother, and household were also collected. Questionnaires were administered to mothers of the child selected for the survey. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were also collected for both mother and child in each household.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Baseline Survey 2015: Health Development Army Team Leaders

This dataset is the result of the health development army team leaders (HDATL) survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara.The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The baseline survey applied four structured questionnaires: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), and (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL). The health development army (HDA) volunteers are cadres of women within a community that support and extend the field-related activities of HEWs. HDAs are comprised of up to 30 households (HH) in the same neighborhood that meet in smaller groups of six members, commonly referred to as 1for5 networks. HDA team leaders, which oversee the 30 HHs, are selected by the members. The health development army team leaders (HDATL) questionnaire (along with the HEW questionnaire) was applied to those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aim at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge and training received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs. These are captured by questions on perceptions related to workload and level of job satisfaction.

A&T Ethiopia Complementary Feeding Baseline Survey 2015: Community

This dataset is the result of the community survey that was conducted to gather data at baseline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara.The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The baseline survey applied four structured questionnaires: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), and (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL). The community questionnaire was administered to community leaders to gather information on the contextual factors at the community level as well as to understand differences in characteristics over time. The questionnaire helps track various programs taking place, particularly given expansion of agriculture and food security programs such as the Agriculture Growth Program (AGP) and the Agriculture Extension Program (AEP) and other programs implemented by nongovernmental organizations in the region. One questionnaire was completed for each EA/kebele.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Process Evaluation Survey 2013: Supervisors of Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the supervisors of health extension workers survey that was conducted to gather data for the process evaluation part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The process evaluation (PE) is intended to answer one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative, i.e., how A&T interventions achieve their impact. In Ethiopia, the studies that have been conducted as part of the process evaluation include: 1) a case study in 2011 to explore the extent of the training rollout among frontline health workers (FHWs) and to assess FHW and household exposure to interpersonal communication (IPC) tools developed by A&T, 2) a qualitative study in 2012 that included in-depth interviews with health extension workers (HEWs), HEW supervisors, and volunteers and shorter interviews with mothers and fathers to understand modalities of service delivery under IFHP and other A&T platforms, and 3) a quantitative survey in 2013 among FHWs and households to assess different aspects of service delivery and exposure to A&T community based program interventions. The Ethiopia process evaluation surveys of frontline health workers and households had two broad objectives. The first objective was to assess and understand the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery, in order to better answer how A&T interventions achieve impact. The second objective was to assess households’ exposure to the A&T program components/activities, as well as to compare IYCF knowledge and practices to the baseline survey in 2010 in order to get an idea of progress toward impact. Three types of FHW questionnaires (HEW, VCHP, and supervisors) applied to health staff who are closest to the community or work in the community. These questionnaires were aimed at assessing four major issues: 1) FHW’s exposure to training and IPC tools provided by the A&T program, 2) FHW’s exposure to the A&T multi-media components (radio and television messages), 3) FHW’s knowledge and understanding of IYCF and nutrition, 4) the FHW work environment related to IYCF service delivery (motivation, supportive supervision, time commitments to different tasks, and the ability to integrate sustained IYCF counseling into daily routines). The roles of the supervisors are somewhat different from the other two types of health staff. They do not come in direct contact with caregivers, yet they are mainly responsible for providing training to the HEWs and monitoring and supervising the training of volunteers, conducted by the HEWs. The questionnaire for supervisors, therefore, aims at capturing these interactions.

Sweet Lupine as an Alternative Food-Feed Crop in the Mixed Systems

Dual purpose crops that meet the demands of smallholders for food and feed have a higher likelihood of being adopted by farmers. Africa RISING project in the Ethiopian highlands in collaboration with Amhara Agricultural Research Institute has evaluated sweet lupine as an alternative dual-purpose crop which can serve as a source of food for humans and feed for livestock. As a legume crop, the grain contains high level of protein (above 35%), with minimum level of alkaloid content, as opposed to the local lupine variety grown in the North western part of the country. When harvested green, the forage contains up to 20% crude protein. This dataset includes the performance of two sweet lupine varieties (Vitabor and Sanabor) evaluated at different planting space (seed rate) in the Africa RISING sites.

Vegetable Value Chain Survey in Ethiopia: Producer/Household Survey

This vegetable producer survey was a part of a large-scale vegetable value chain survey which was conducted to understand how the vegetable value chain is transforming in terms of adoption of modern inputs, productivity, quality, and demand for vegetables in Ethiopia. The survey was conducted among 810 farmers. Information was collected on household characteristics, income-generating activities, assets, and details on vegetable activities.

Africa RISING Ethiopia RHoMIS 2018

This dataset is a result of a household survey of farmers who engaged with the Africa RISING Ethiopia program, for a period of about 4 years. The purpose was to assess the degree of uptake of Africa RISING promoted interventions (farm-integration, sustainable intensification); and to evaluate possible impacts of uptake on various indicators of ?sustainability?. The outcome indicators related to agricultural production, human welfare, gender roles, innovation, food security, and poverty.

Ethiopia Alive & Thrive Endline Survey 2014: Supervisors of Health Extension Workers

This dataset is the result of the supervisors of health extension workers survey that was conducted to gather data for the endline part of the impact evaluation of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions in Ethiopia. The broad objective of the impact evaluation in Ethiopia is to measure the impact of A&T’s community-based interventions (CBI), delivered through the government's health extension program (HEP) platform, in the reduction of stunting and improvement of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in two regions where the integrated family health program (IFHP) operates, namely Tigray and SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region). A&T is a six-year initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age. The impact evaluation of the A&T Ethiopia community-based intervention and mass media activities includes the 2010 baseline and 2014 endline surveys and a smaller-scale 2013 process evaluation survey. Together, these studies generate answers to one of the major learning objectives for the overall initiative: how A&T interventions achieve their impact. The Ethiopia endline survey applied five separate questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways. These instruments included a household questionnaire, a community questionnaire and 3 frontline health workers questionnaires, which are: - health extension workers (HEW) questionnaire - supervisors of HEWs questionnaire - volunteer community health promoters questionnaire The supervisors of HEWs questionnaire, along with the other two FLW questionnaires, aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge and training received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs. These are captured by questions on perceptions related to workload and level of job satisfaction. The roles of supervisors are somewhat different from the other two types of FLWs. They do not come in direct contact with caregivers, yet they are mainly responsible for providing training and supervision to HEWs, and monitoring and supervising the training of volunteers conducted by HEWs. The questionnaires for supervisors, therefore, aim at capturing these interactions. Together, combining information from the HEW and HDA/WDA questionnaires with those administered to supervisors will generate valuable data about the organizational context for FLWs.

Irrigated Fodder Production for Sheep Fattening

Feed shortage and poor quality of available feeds are major constraints for livestock production in the highlands of Ethiopia. A trial was conducted to assess if producing irrigated oat-vetch fodder during the dry period could adequately supplement the diet of fattening sheep and generate additional income for smallholders. For this purpose, a group of interested farmers from two districts (Lemo and Angacha) in southern Ethiopia were sensitized and trained to produce oat-vetch fodder with irrigation using water from shallow wells as well as manual pumps. A total of 14 farmers participated in the trail with each farmer fattening 5 sheep for about 70 days by supplementing approximately 200 g dry matter oat-vetch fodder per day. This dataset contains the body weight development of the sheep and the nutritional composition of local feed resources and the supplemental irrigated fodder used for the experiment.

Land Degradation Surveillance Framework Based Data

The data included in this study were collected as a part of 'situation analysis' based on landscape characteristics and condition. The data were collected in four Africa RISING sites?Basona, Michew, Jawe, and Sinana?across four regions simultaneously with the soil sampling exercise.

Tagasaste (Chamaecytisus Palmensis) Leaf Supplementation to Enhance Nutrient Intake and Production Performance of Sheep in the Ethiopian Highlands

Tree Lucerne (Chamaecytisus palmensis) is a multipurpose fodder tree that grows very well in cooler highlands of Ethiopia and can serve as a source of high-quality protein supplement for farm animals. Despite its potential, the level of adoption and utilization is very limited. Africa RISING project in the Ethiopia highlands has conducted action research on tree Lucerne to fill knowledge gaps and promote its adoption. To recommend optimal level of use of the foliage, a feeding experiment was conducted using yearling Menz sheep. The experiment involved graded levels of tree Lucerne hay supplementation (100 g, 200 g, 300 g, and 400 g/day) to sheep fed barely straw basal diet ad libitum. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days followed by 7 days of digestibility trial and carcass evaluation. Data were generated on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, body weight gain, and carcass quality for the different treatments.

Sustainably Intensified Production Systems Impact on Nutrition (SIPSIN) Round 1, Ethiopia

The project aims to evaluate the implications of sustainable intensification of crop and livestock production systems (SIPS) on human nutrition in northern Ethiopia. The existing infrastructure and ongoing research and development of the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) in the Lake Tana basin of Northern Ethiopia is used as a platform to efficiently conduct research to evaluate SIPS for crop and livestock production and their environmental, economic and nutritional consequences.

Sustainably Intensified Production Systems Impact on Nutrition (SIPSIN) Round 2, Ethiopia

The project aims to evaluate the implications of sustainable intensification of crop and livestock production systems (SIPS) on human nutrition in northern Ethiopia. The existing infrastructure and ongoing research and development of the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) in the Lake Tana basin of Northern Ethiopia is used as a platform to efficiently conduct research to evaluate SIPS for crop and livestock production and their environmental, economic and nutritional consequences.

Faba Bean Forage Intercropping Practices to Meet Food-Feed Demands in Land-Constrained Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems of Southern Ethiopia

Small land holdings are among the main constraints for smallholders to produce enough food and feed to meet household demands. During the main cropping season, when all the land is covered by stable crops, feed is critically in short supply. Africa RISING?s diagnostic surveys showed that during such times weeds growing with faba bean crop are used as important feed resource by farmers in Ethiopia. Farmers leave the weed to grow with the faba bean until a certain stage, which is against the recommended agronomic practice through the extension system. A series of experiments were conducted to explore the rationale behind farmers preference, involving three faba bean production practices: 1) the traditional management practice (where weeds are used as forage), 2) improved practice (where weeds are frequently removed from faba bean plots) and 3) intercropping faba bean with fodder oat. The dataset contains the grain yield, straw yield, forage yield and gross income from the different practices and faba bean varieties in the Lemo district of Africa RISING site.

Participation of Women Farmers? in the Agricultural Research Process, Ethiopia

Quantitative data collected to understand the level of women farmers? participation in four agricultural research processes ? design, testing, dissemination, and M&E. Data were collected in four woredas (districts), within the Ethiopian highlands (i.e. Basona Worena, Sinana, Lemo and Endamehoni), located in the regions of Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities People (SNNP) and Tigray respectively. Data were collected from women farmers who participate in the Africa RISING project and those who did not participate in the project.

Soil Property Data for Four Africa RISING Sites in Ethiopia

The data included in this study were collected to assess the health of the soil at four Africa RISING sites: Basona, Michew, Jawe, and Sinana. The data were collected following land degradation surveillance framework (LDSF) whereby within a 10km by 10km sites, we considered 16 clusters of 1km by 1km and within each cluster we have 0.1 ha plots, within which 0.01 ha subplots were located for sampling. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) led the data collection.

Sustainably Intensified Production Systems Impact on Nutrition (SIPSIN) Round 3, Ethiopia

The project aims to evaluate the implications of sustainable intensification of crop and livestock production systems (SIPS) on human nutrition in northern Ethiopia. The existing infrastructure and ongoing research and development of the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) in the Lake Tana basin of Northern Ethiopia is used as a platform to efficiently conduct research to evaluate SIPS for crop and livestock production and their environmental, economic and nutritional consequences.

Ethiopia Producer Teff Survey

Ethiopia producer teff survey is the study of the producers in the teff value chain in Ethiopia. These data allow quantifying the extent of food loss at the producer level using consistent approaches that are comparable across commodities and regions. They also enable characterizing the nature of food loss, specifically the production stages and the particular processes at which loss is incurred.

Enhancing and Monitoring Impacts of Complementary and Linked Land and Water Management Technologies and Approaches at Landscape/Watershed Levels

This dataset originated from the CIAT led project entitled ?Enhancing and monitoring impacts of complementary and linked land and water management technologies and approaches at landscape/ watershed levels.? The data were collected at the sites after CIAT implemented runoff plots. The data collected includes biomass yield, grain yield, and soil depth and moisture to measure the effect of soil and water conservation structures on soil moisture and wheat yield.

Weather Data for Africa RISING Sites in Ethiopia

Site-specific watershed analysis requires site-specific meteorological data. Due to high spatial and temporal variability nature, collecting in-situ weather data is essential for modeling biophysical processes and understanding the biophysical condition of watersheds. In addition, site-specific weather information by itself is useful for improving agricultural practices in selected Africa RISING sites. This data study contains weather-related data which was generated to support various analysis in Africa RISING sites. The data included all the weather elements i.e. precipitation, soil moisture (volumetric water content, soil temperature, cation exchange capacity (CEC)), wind (direction, speed, and gusts), air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity. These data were collected at two sites (kebeles) for each Africa RISING sites. They were collected at 15 minutes interval since September 2014. The data collection is still ongoing.

Soil Moisture and Crop Yield Data for Jawe, Ethiopian Highlands

The data included in this study were a part of research that was conducted to assess the impacts of different land uses and soil water conservation (SWC) interventions on runoff and sediment yield at different scales in the highlands of Ethiopia. Run-off and soil loss data were collected from the experimental runoff plots that were set up to monitor daily runoff and sediment yield under different land use and management practices in Gudoberet Kebele (North Shewa). It includes data from four treatment plots?woodlot, grazing, cropland with (SWC) and cropland without SWC?with two replications that were established on 60 square meter area from 2014 to 2017.

Runoff and Soil Loss Data for Basona, Ethiopian Highlands

The data included in this study were a part of research that was conducted to assess the impacts of different land uses and soil water conservation (SWC) interventions on runoff and sediment yield at different scales in the highlands of Ethiopia. Run-off and soil loss data were collected from the experimental runoff plots that were set up to monitor daily runoff and sediment yield under different land use and management practices in Gudoberet Kebele (North Shewa). It includes data from four treatment plots--woodlot, grazing, cropland with (SWC) and cropland without SWC--with two replications that were established on 60 square meter area from 2014 to 2017.

ASTI Ethiopia Database

This dataset includes national-level time series data on researcher capacity by qualification level, age bracket, discipline mix, and commodity, as well as a detailed breakdown of agricultural research investment across government, higher education, nonprofit, and (where possible) private for-profit agricultural research agencies. These data were derived through a series of primary survey rounds conducted by IFPRI’s Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) and in close collaboration with a large network of national collaborators. The ASTI data constitute a powerful resource for national and regional research managers, policymakers, donor organizations, and other stakeholders. ASTI’s key indicators provide both a diagnostic tool for assessing the allocation and use of existing resources and an advocacy tool for increasing resources and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of resource use. The ASTI website offers interactive pages that allow users to access country-level time series data, make cross-country comparisons, create graphs, and download country datasets and publications as well as detailed institutional information on agencies involved in agricultural research. The interactive benchmarking tool on the ASTI website is a convenient map-based instrument allowing users to make cross-country comparisons and rankings based on a wide set of financial and human resource indicators. The detailed ASTI datasets are available in an easy-to-use data download tool. Detailed information on definitions, methodology, and calculation procedures are available at www.asti.cgiar.org

2010/11 Social Accounting Matrix for Ethiopia

This data study includes social accounting matrix (SAM) for Ethiopia for the year 2010/11. The SAM is an extension of the Standard Nexus Structure. It consists of 63 activity sectors, 67 commodity sectors, three types of factors of production: labor (rural and urban disaggregated by level of education), land, and capital (disaggregated by crops, livestock, mining and other sectors). The household sector is divided spatially into urban and rural households. Rural households are further disaggregated into households that earn crop and/or livestock incomes (i.e., farm households) and those that do no earn incomes from either source (i.e., nonfarm households). Households are further disaggregated into per capita expenditure quintiles. This SAM allows analyzing issues at the detailed level and to better understand the potential impacts of policy changes for both better off and more vulnerable households.

Testing of Permanent Raised Bed System for Soil and Water Conversation and Crop Intensification

This data study contains farm trial data conducted on wheat.

Ethiopia Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) Baseline Community Survey, 2013

The productive safety net program (PSNP) community survey collected information from focus groups in 8 communities where PSNP is active. It was administered simultaneously to a panel of prominent members of the community. The purpose of the survey was to provide researchers with the data necessary to construct Local Economy-wide Impact Evaluation (LEWIE) models used for evaluation of the PSNP program. In particular, the survey inquired about PSNP interventions in the surveyed locations, including the type of work conducted (road building, school building, tree planting, etc.), how it affected the communities access to amenities and services (schools, markets, clinics) or agricultural productivity. In addition, the community survey will be used to determine the structure of business activity in the community, as well as the dynamics of local markets and physical connections to regional and national markets.

Ethiopia Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) Business Enterprise Survey, 2013

The PSNP business survey collected data from select businesses in 8 communities studies where PSNP is active. The purpose of the survey was to provide researchers with the data necessary to construct Local Economy-wide Impact Evaluation (LEWIE) models used for evaluation of the PSNP program. In particular, the survey collected data about hired labor necessary to accurately model production functions in LEWIE, as well as input and output markets.

Growth and Biomass of Tree Lucerne under Farmers Management

This data study contains data on tree Lucerne particularly tree height, diameter, survival, and biomass yield to evaluate its growth performance in Africa RISING sites. Project title: Integrating tree Lucerne (Chamaetysisus palmensis) in the crop-livestock farming systems of the Ethiopian highlands for multiple products and service Project abstract: Tree Lucerne is a nitrogen fixing, fast growing and ecologically adaptable multipurpose plant species that is considered for evaluation in the Africa RISING sites. Integration of tree Lucerne in the crop-livestock farming systems is aimed at contributing to income diversification, improving crop and livestock productivity and enhancing the participation of women and children in the research process to benefit them equitably. This research is conducted in the 4 Africa RISING sites. Two research kebles are used in eah site. Tree Lucerne Farmer Research Groups (FRGs) formed in each of the Africa RISING research kebeles. The number of farmers engaged in the FRGs varies from 23-56 and representing a range of social groups. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Ethiopia Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) Baseline Evaluation Survey

As part of the US government’s Feed the Future initiative that aims to address global hunger and food security issues in sub-Saharan Africa, the US Agency for International Development is supporting multi-stakeholder agricultural research projects under Africa Research In Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING - AR) program. The overall aim of the program is to transform agricultural systems through sustainable intensification projects in Ghana, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, Mali, and (potentially) Zambia. In Ethiopia, the project, led by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), will be supporting crop-livestock farming systems. Multiple participatory and adaptive agricultural interventions are currently taking place in eight kebeles (Goshe Bado, Gudo Beret, Salka, Ilu-Sanbitu, Jawe, Upper Gana, Emba Hasti and Tsibet) in four regions (Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray) in Ethiopia, led by researchers from the ILRI. Experts from ILRI have supported or introduced intercropping, new crop varieties, water conservation practices, and integrated tree cropping. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) leads the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities of the AR program. As part of the M&E activities in Ethiopia, IFPRI contracted BDS Center for Development Research to conduct baseline household and community surveys in Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions. The main objective of this survey is to collect high-quality baseline household data to support the M&E activities of the AR Program in Ethiopia. More specifically, the survey aims to collect detailed information on the composition of the household, employment, health, agriculture, income and expenditures, credit, assets, subjective welfare and food security, shocks, and the anthropometric status of children and women.

Comparative Measurement/Analysis of Field Agronomic Yield, Quality and Measurements of the Crop in the Traditional and Improved Management Systems

Trade-off analysis of BROAD BEANS/forage production system. To learn more about this dataset, please visit the ILRI Datasets Portal http://data.ilri.org/portal/dataset/faba_analysis

Participatory Variety Selection of Wheat, Barley, Broad Beans and Potato Combined with Double Cropping of Short Duration Crops

This data study contains data related to participatory variety selection (PVS) and double cropping of cereals, broad beans, and potato. Project title: Second Agreement Africa RISING (Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation: ILRI Contract No. ASSP-14/2014 Project abstract: The Ethiopian highlands are characterized by cereal-food legume production system where the productivity is very low due to pests, poor agronomic practices and growing of unimproved cultivars. Potato is becoming an integral parts of the production system of the highlands. Sustainability of cereals (wheat and barley) and potato is maintained through regular rotation with food legumes in small and main rainy seasons of the highlands. During the implementation of Africa RISING (AR) in Bale highlands and other projects, it was possible to identify high yielding cereal, broad beans and potato cultivars that can provide high yield and contribute to food security. However, many varieties are not tested in all the four AR sites. Moreover, there are early maturing legumes that can be used in double cropping with cereal and potato to increase land productivity in the highlands. Most of the wheat, barley, potato and broad beans cultivars released are developed with little or involvements of farmers and hence there is a need to put these varieties under PVS where farmers? inputs will be considered. Therefore, this study/intervention is designed to evaluate cultivars of the four commodities following PVS approaches as well as testing double cropping to increase land productivity. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Design and Pilot Processes for Enhancing Facilitation, Communication and Coordination of Innovation Platforms

Estabilishing platfroms at different levels, Regular Innovation Platform meetings, IP Facilitation Guidelines, Training on Facilitation, Coordination and Communiation for IP members, Farmers Field Day. To learn more about this dataset, please visit the ILRI Datasets Portal http://data.ilri.org/portal/dataset/innovation_platform_design

Community Based Seed Multiplication

This data study contains field trial data on crop management, yield, farmers field school (FFS) attendance. Project title: Decentralized System for Community-Based Seed Production and Extension Provision. Project abstract: Unavailability of quality seed of commonly grown crops was one of the priority constraints to increased agricultural productivity identified during the PCA. It is the aim of this activity to develop a system whereby this bottleneck can be addressed in a sustainable manner, as far as possible relying on private initiative and community interest rather than be dependent on extension / input support provided by BoAs line agencies and/or NGOs. The approach will work closely with the Model/Lead Farmer concept (1 to 5) which is widely promoted by the GoE with a Farmer Field School (light) approach, that promotes farmer-to-farmer extension. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Contribute to the Integration of Africa RISING (AR) Activities into Coherent Project Programmes

In collaboration with AR partners, contribute to the integration of R&D activities at project level and the joint planning & implementation of activities. This may include the following: - In collaboration with Internal Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), plan and carry out nutrient analysis of crop residues suitable as animal feed such as broad beans residues and wheat straw (led by ILRI). - In collaboration with International Center for tropical agriculture (CIAT), follow up on value chain work on priority crops and livestock and contribute to the development of value chain activities (led by CIAT); - In collaboration with International Water Management Institute (IWMI), explore the use of small scale irrigation facilities for the production of high value crops such as potato during off season periods (led by IWMI); - Identification and exploitation of potential synergies between International Potato Center's (CIP) AR component and the Humid Tropics program; - Explore opportunities with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and national partners to initiate joint system level research and development (R&D) activities. Project title: Contribute to the integration of AR activities into coherent project programmes. Project abstract: In 2014, participatory community analyses (PCA) were undertaken by multi-disciplinary facilitation teams in 8 kebeles in the Amhara, Tigray, Oromia and SNNPR regions, producing a list of priority farming enterprises, their current bottlenecks, as well as farmer-perceived opportunities for improving income, food security and/or reducing overall risks by intensifying farm enterprises. The PCA was carried out in discussions with kebele members and local leaders, with over 250 men, women and young people. Feedback on the results will be given to the farmers and future participatory planning and implementation of activities based on the results of the PCA and feedback sessions. Project website: http://africa-rising.net